Maniatis, Tom

Biography

Dr. Tom Maniatis, born May 8, 1943 in Denver, Colorado, is a molecular biologist and a leader in the field of recombinant DNA. Dr. Maniatis’s research established fundamental understanding of the mechanisms involved in gene expression, RNA transcription, and RNA splicing. This pioneering research by Dr. Maniatis established the gene-cloning methods that enable the identification of genes that cause disease.

Dr. Tom Maniatis received his BA and MS degrees from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He then completed his PhD in molecular biology at Vanderbilt University, where he studied DNA wide angle scattering in Dr. Leonard Lerman’s lab. Maniatis conducted his postdoctoral research at Harvard University and the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England and went on to hold faculty positions at Harvard University, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the California Institute of Technology, and Columbia University.

Maniatis first worked on gene regulation in bacteriophage Lambda and in his postdoctoral studies shifted the focus of his research to explore his interests in recombinant DNA. Despite the exciting avenues this research could yield, scientists became concerned that without detailed guidelines, gene splicing could result in the production of harmful or unpredictable pathogens that posed significant risks to humans. A controversy developed in the late 1970s over whether, by formulating guidelines for rDNA research, the NIH was infringing on the freedoms of scientific inquiry or establishing acceptable boundaries within which research could be conducted safely. This controversy became particularly heated at Harvard when the Cambridge City Council held public hearings over the practices of rDNA research and established a biohazard committee to monitor the research at the universities. Maniatis met Jim Watson at a reception at Cold Spring Harbor and, in light of the ongoing controversy at Harvard, Jim Watson offered Dr. Maniatis a position at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the mid 1970's.

The move to CSHL allowed Dr. Maniatis to work more efficiently to understand the methods of recombinant DNA. During his time at CSHL, in collaboration with Dr. Argiris Efstratiadis and Dr. Fotis Kafatos, Dr. Maniatis developed methods for full-length synthesis and cloning of double stranded DNA copies of mRNA (cDNA). By combining Maniatis’s research on the determination of DNA fragment sizes using gel electrophoresis and Efstratiadis’s research into making full-length copies of mRNA, this collaboration resulted in the new research field of cDNA cloning. The first cDNA paper was published in April 1975, the second in February 1976, and the research detailing their cloning of cDNA was published in June 1976.

Eventually, Maniatis left Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to join the faculty in the Department of Biology at the California Institute of Technology. While at Caltech, the Maniatis lab not only developed new methods to isolate and study individual human genes, but they also generated the first human genomic library. This collection of DNA fragments contained all of the genes in the human genome, and requests for copies of this genomic library poured into Maniatis’s lab from researchers around the world – correspondence reflecting these requests can be explored in this collection. Using the genomic library his lab had generated, Maniatis isolated, sequenced, and cloned the first human genes – the human β-globin cluster. Articles detailing this research were preserved by Manitatis and can be found in this collection.

Dr. Maniatis returned to Harvard in 1980 to teach and continue his research, and remained there until his move to Columbia University in 2010.

Dr. Tom Maniatis, Dr. Joe Sambrook, and Dr. Ed Fritsch published the three-volume Molecular Cloning Manual in 1982 with the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. The manual was developed from a summer course they taught at Cold Spring Harbor in 1980. It established a standard for international dissemination of recombinant DNA methods and has been regarded as the definitive laboratory manual on genetic engineering ever since. Dr. Maniatis catalogued copies of many of his research publications, which have been preserved in the Dr. Tom Maniatis Collection at CSHL Archives. He has also been the recipient of a number of professional awards and honors, including The Lasker Award, The Pasarow Award, The American Medical Association Scientific Achievement Award, and the The Eli Lilly Research Award in Microbiology and Immunology.

In 2011, Dr. Maniatis cofounded the New York Genome Center with the goal of furthering genomic research and the development of biomedical technologies. Since its founding, he has served as part of the Center's leadership and is now the Scientific Director, and CEO.

Outside of his research interests, Maniatis has also expressed an interest in architecture (see CSHL Oral History interview). He has described the overlap he sees between science and architecture, “in each case you’re creating something for posterity”. Maniatis’s interest in architecture is apparent in some of his personal documents included in this collection, which involve the architectural and interior designs of several projects in his home and at his Harvard lab.

Dr. Maniatis is the Isidore S. Edelman Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at Columbia University. He is also the Director of the Columbia Precision Medicine Initiative, and the Principal Investigator at Columbia's Zuckerman Institute. His current research interests involve using advanced genetics and molecular and cellular biology as a means to identify possible causes of particular neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.

Found in 20 Collections and/or Records:

Oral History Collection

 Collection

Identifier: OH

Scope and Contents The Oral History Collection contains interviews conducted with 200 scientists within the fields of molecular biology, genetics, and the life sciences between 1990 and 2024. The interviewees provide first-hand accounts of their experiences in the fields of modern biology, such as neuroscience, cancer, genetics, plant genetics, genomics, biotechnology and others, from the 1940s through the 2000s. The collection contains audio and video recordings, as well as transcripts of interviews....

Dates: 1990 - 2024

Found in: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives